Interview Databases & Caching

What happens when Redis reaches maxmemory?

Databases & Caching · Advanced level

Answer

When Redis reaches maxmemory, it either evicts eligible keys based on policy or rejects memory-growing writes if no key can be evicted. Reads may still work, but latency and miss rate can degrade quickly.

Technical explanation

LRU approximates least recently used; LFU approximates least frequently used; volatile policies protect non-TTL keys but can fail writes if no TTL keys are eligible.

TTL jitter prevents synchronized expiry and thundering herds.

Memory alerts must fire before maxmemory to avoid eviction storms or write failures.

Hands-on example

Policy example for pure cache:

maxmemory-policy allkeys-lfu

SETEX product:v2:123 642 <json>

642 seconds = 600 base + random jitter.

Incident checks:

INFO memory

INFO stats

CONFIG GET maxmemory-policy

Watch evicted_keys, keyspace_hits, keyspace_misses, app cache errors, and RDS fallback load.

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